One obstacle to happiness is feeling resentful when another person won’t do his or her share of the work. In Happier at Home, in my description of the three kinds of “happiness leeches,” this kind of person is a “slacker.”

Resentment comes when you feel angry that you’ve been treated unfairly. But what is “fair” when deciding who should do what work? As I thought about my own (not infrequent) bouts of resentment, I identified

Six Facts About Shared Work

Fact #1: Work done by other people sounds easy.

How hard can it be to take care of a newborn who sleeps twenty hours a day? How hard can it be to keep track of your billable hours? To travel for one night for business? To get a four year old ready for school? To return a few phone calls? To load the dishwasher? To fill out some forms?

Of course, something like “performing open heart surgery” sounds difficult, but to a very great degree, daily work by other people sounds easy—certainly easier than what we have to do.

This fact leads us to underestimate how onerous a particular task is when someone else does it, and that makes it easy to assume that we don’t need to help or provide support. Or even be grateful. For that reason, we don’t feel very obligated to share the burden.

Fact #2: When you’re doing a job that benefits other people, it’s easy to assume that they feel conscious of the fact that you’re doing this work—that they should feel grateful and that they should and do feel guilty about not helping you.

But no! Often, the more reliably you perform a task, the less likely it is for someone to notice that you’re doing it, and to feel grateful, and to feel any impulse to help or to take a turn.

You think, “I’ve been making the first pot of coffee for this office for three months! When is someone going to do it?” In fact, the longer you make that coffee, the less likely it is that someone will do it.

If one person on a tandem bike is pedaling hard, the other person can take it easy. If you’re reliably doing a task, others will relax. They aren’t silently feeling more and more guilty for letting you shoulder the burden; they probably don’t even think about it. And after all, how hard is it to make a pot of coffee? (See Fact #1).

Being taken for granted is an unpleasant but sincere form of praise. Ironically, the more reliable you are and the less you complain, the more likely you are to be taken for granted.

Fact #3: It’s hard to avoid “unconscious overclaiming.”

In unconscious overclaiming, we unconsciously overestimate our contributions relative to others. This makes sense, because we’re far more aware of what we do than what other people do. Also, we tend to do the work that we value. I think holiday cards are important; my husband thinks that keeping the air-conditioning working is important.

Studies show that when spouses estimated what percentage of housework each performed, the percentages added up to more than 120 percent. When business school students estimated how much they’d contributed to a team effort, the total was 139 percent.

It’s easy to think, “I’m the only one around here who bothers to…” or “Why do I always have to be the one who…?” but ignore all the tasks you don’t do. And maybe others don’t think that task is as important as you do (See Fact #5).

Fact #4: Taking turns is easier than sharing.

I read somewhere that young children have a lot of trouble “sharing” but find it easier to “take turns.” Sharing is pretty ambiguous; taking turns is clearer and serves the value of justice, which is very important to children.

I think this is just as true for adults. I have to admit, shared tasks often give me the urge to try to shirk. Maybe if I pretend not to notice that the dishwasher is ready to be emptied, my husband will do it! And often he does. Which bring us to…

Fact #5: The person who cares the most will often end up doing a task.

If you care more about a task being done, you’re more likely to end up doing it—and don’t expect other people to care as much as you do, just because something is important to you. It’s easy to make this mistake in marriage. You think it’s important to get the basement organized, and you expect your spouse to share the work, but your spouse thinks, “We never use the basement anyway, so why bother?” Just because something’s important to you doesn’t make it important to someone else, and people are less likely to share work they deem unimportant. At least not without a lot of nagging.

Fact #6: If you want someone else to do a task, don’t do it yourself.

This sounds so obvious, but think about it. Really. Let it go. If you think you shouldn’t have to do it, don’t do it. Wait. Someone else is a lot more likely to do it if you don’t do it first. Note: this means that a task is most likely to be done by the person who cares most (See Fact #5).

Of course, this doesn’t always work. Someone must get the kids ready for school. But many tasks are optional.

I’ve just started thinking about this, and my ideas are still coming together. What did I get wrong or overlook?

Also …

• Rebekah Sanderlin wrote a post, “Finding Home Again After Deployment,” on the New York Times blog At War about the challenge of “reintegration.” I was thrilled to hear that Happier at Home struck a chord with her family.
• The holidays are coming! Would you like a signed, personalized, free bookplate for a copy of Happier at Home or The Happiness Project to make a gift more personal? Or would you like one for yourself? For e-books or audio-books, a signature card? Email me to request them: just be sure to include your mailing address and people’s names. I’ll mail anywhere, and ask for as many as you like. But PLEASE request them soon if this is for a holiday gift; fact is, I can be pretty slow.

Gretchen Rubin is the author of the #1 New York Times Bestseller The Happiness Project—an account of the year she spent test-driving the wisdom of the ages, current scientific studies, and lessons from popular culture about how to be happier—and the recently released Happier at Home. On her popular blog, The Happiness Project, she reports on her daily adventures in the pursuit of happiness. For more doses of happiness and other happenings, follow Gretchen on Facebook and Twitter.

*Photo by Eric Leslie.

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